Stability and Shear

April 10, 1997


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 Midland, TX

ETA Initialization

12 UTC Sounding

Sounding shows strong cap. Combination of layer lifting with approaching trough and low level warm advection should destabilize sounding.

 

 Midland, TX

ETA Forecast

00UTC Sounding

Forecast shows near elimination of cap due to diurnal heating/sfc warm advection and mid/upper tropospheric cold advection (and layer lift) (CAPE=2500 J/kg)

 

 Midland, TX

00UTC Sounding

Verification shows less buoyancy than forecast because of slightly cooler boundary layer temperatures. On the other hand, ETA forecast wind field did not capture the lowlevel southeasterlies nor the strong low level jet.

 Unless the evolution of the pattern during the day was considered (effects included layer lifting associated with incoming mid and upper tropospheric trough, layer lifting associated with phased divergent quadrants of two jet streaks, low level warm and moisture advection as well as diurnal heating), an evaluation of the initial sounding in the Midland area (minimal initial CAPE and even minimal potential CAPE assuming afternoon convective temperature were to be achieved) could be deceptive.

The ETA forecast sounding for 00 UTC shows the effects of the incoming trough with stronger midlevel winds and steepening of the lapse rate above the cap due to advection and layer lifting AND considerable moistening of the surface layer. This sounding could be thought of as typical of any in the area between Midland and Lubbock on the afternoon of April 10.

The actual verification showed that Midland remained capped but that a strong southeasterly flow contributed to greater shear than forecast, with storm-relative helicities (for a hypothetical storm) in the Midland area on the order of 250 m2s2. In reality, further north actual s-r helicities were on the order of 350 m2s2 or larger (500 m2s2 for the right moving storm that came out of Gaines County).

The forecast sounding provided a reasonable estimate of afternoon/evening conditions in the south Plains and northern Permian Basin area of TX.

 

 MAF Hodograph at 0000 UTC 11 April

Hodograph shows loop in lowest 3 km. Loop suggests veer of wind shear vector. Flow at 700 mb and 500 mb suggest relatively weak storm relative flow at those elevations. With BRN of 9 or so, and s-r helicities of 258 for hypothetical storm motions, splitting supercell storms with preferential development of the right moving storm could be expected. Relatively weak 700 mb/500 mb flow suggests HP type storms.

Synoptic Setting

Surface Setting

Radar Plots

Satellite Imagery

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